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Pavel Durov

Википедия

Википедия·yesterday at 9:41 pm

In this name that follows Eastern Slavic naming customs, the patronymic is Valeryevichand the family name is Durov. 

Pavel Valeryevich Durov (Russian: Павел Валерьевич Дуров; born 10 October 1984) is a Russian-born business executive who is a co-founder and the chief executive officer (CEO) of Telegram Messenger and a co-founder of social networking site VK. Since 2021, he has held citizenship in four countries. 

Pavel Durov

Павел Дуров

Durov in 2012

Born

(1984-10-10) 10 October 1984 (age 39)

Leningrad, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union

Citizenship

• Russia (from birth)
• Saint Kitts and Nevis (2013–present)
• UAE (2021–present)
• France (2021–present)

Education

Saint Petersburg State University (BA)

Occupation

Business executive

Years active

2006–present

Title

• Co-founder of VK
• Co-founder and CEO of Telegram Messenger

Parents

• Valery Durov (father)
• Albina Durova (mother)

Relatives

Nikolai Durov (brother)

Website

telegram.org

Durov was listed on the Forbes Billionaires Listin 2023, with a net worth of $11.5 billion. His fortune is largely driven by his ownership of Telegram. As of 25 August 2024[update], Durov was the 120th richest person in the world, with a net worth of $15.5 billion, according to Forbes. In 2022, he was recognized by Forbes as the richest expat in the United Arab Emirates. In February 2023, Arabian Business named him the most powerful entrepreneur in Dubai. 

In August 2024, Durov was arrested in Franceon numerous criminal charges which involved complicity to criminal offences and the spread of criminal activity on Telegram through lack of moderators. 

Contents

• 1 Early life and education
• 2 Career 2.1 VK 2.1.1 Dismissal from VK2.2 Telegram
• 3 Legal issues 3.1 2024 arrest
• 4 Views
• 5 Personal life and family
• 6 Accolades
• 7 References
• 8 External links

Early life and education

Pavel Durov was born in Leningrad, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union, but spent most of his childhood in Turin, Italy, where his father was employed. In 2006, he graduated from the Philology Department of the Saint Petersburg State University, where he received a first-class degree.[citation needed] 

Career

VK

During his university years, Durov created the highly popular forum spbgu.ru. In 2006, he met his former classmate Vyacheslav Mirilashvili in Saint Petersburg. Vyacheslav showed Durov the increasingly popular Facebook, after which the friends decided to create a new Russian social network. Lev Binzumovich Leviev, an Israeli classmate of Vyacheslav Mirilashivili, became the third co-founder. Durov became chief executive officer (CEO) and attracted his older brother Nikolai, a multiple winner of international math and programming competitions, to develop the site. 

Durov launched VKontakte for beta testing in September 2006. The following month, the domain name Vkontakte.ru was registered. The new project was incorporated on 19 January 2007 as a Russian private limited company. The user base reached 1 million in July 2007, and 10 million in April 2008. In December 2008 VK overtook rival Odnoklassniki as Russia's most popular social networking service. The company grew to a value of US$3 billion.

In 2011, he was involved in a standoff with the police in Saint Petersburg when the government demanded the removal of opposition politicians' pages after the 2011 election to the Duma; Durov posted a picture of a dog with its tongue out wearing a hoodie, and the police left after an hour when he did not answer the door. 

In 2012, Durov publicly posted a picture of himself extending his middle finger and calling it his official response to Mail.ru Group's efforts to buy VK. In December 2013, Durov decided to sell his 12% to Ivan Tavrin (at that time 40% of the shares belonged to Mail.ru Group, and 48% to the United Capital Partners). Later, Tavrin resold these shares to Mail.ru Group. 

Dismissal from VK

On 1 April 2014, Durov submitted his resignation to the board; at first, due to the fact the company confirmed he had resigned, it was believed to be related to the Russo-Ukrainian War which had started in February. However, Durov himself said it was an April Fool's Joke on 3 April 2014. 

On 16 April 2014, Durov publicly refused to hand over the personal data of Ukrainian protesters to Russia's security agencies and to block Alexei Navalny's page on VK. Instead, he posted the relevant orders on his own VK page, saying that the requests were unlawful. 

On 21 April 2014, Durov was dismissed as CEO of VK. The company said it was acting on his letter of resignation a month earlier that he failed to recall. Durov then said the company had been effectively taken over by Vladimir Putin's allies, suggesting his ouster was the result of both his refusal to hand over personal details of users to federal law enforcement and his refusal to hand over the personal details of people who were members of a VK group dedicated to the Euromaidan protest movement. Durov then left Russia and stated that he had "no plans to go back" and that "the country is incompatible with internet business at the moment". 

Telegram

Upon leaving Russia, he obtained Saint Kitts and Nevis citizenship by donating $250,000 to the country's Sugar Industry Diversification Foundation and secured $300 million in cash within Swiss banks. This allowed him to focus on creating his next company, Telegram, focused on an encrypted messaging service of the same name. Telegram was headquartered in Berlin and later moved to Dubai. 

In January 2018, Durov announced that, in a bid to monetize the growing success of Telegram, he was launching the "Gram" cryptocurrency and the TON platform. It raised a total of $1.7 billion from investors. However, these ventures were halted by American regulator U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission which argued in court that Grams bypassed U.S. financing laws and should return the money to investors. 

In 2018, Russia attempted to block Telegram, after the company refused to cooperate with Russian security services. A leaked letter by a Federal Security Service employee stated that the block was actually tied to the company's intention to launch the Telegram Open Network. During the attempted block period, the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairscontinued to operate official channels on the app. The block order was lifted in 2020, after two years of block attempts, which the service reportedly evaded using domain fronting. The stated reason was Telegram agreeing to "counter terrorism and extremism" on the platform. 

Legal issues

2024 arrest

Main article: Arrest of Pavel Durov

Durov was arrested on August 24, 2024, by officers from France's anti-fraud office, attached to French customs, at Le Bourget Airport outside Paris, immediately after exiting his private jet. Durov's arrest was based on an arrest warrant issued by the French National Judicial Police as part of a preliminary investigation. Durov was handed numerous complicity charges. 

He is accused of complicity and negligenceinvolving Telegram's use for crimes such as drug trafficking, child sexual exploitation, and fraud. Durov's arrest took place following his arrival in France from Azerbaijan. If Durov is convicted of the charges, he could face up to 20 years in prison. It is said that Durov had previously avoided traveling to Europe due to potential legal risks. 

Reports also indicate that Durov was on the list of individuals wanted by French authorities, and his arrest was because of his failure to cooperate with judicial officials, including issues related to Telegram's activities. According to French police, criminal activity on Telegram went unfettered through lack of moderators. 

Views

Durov is a libertarian, teetotaler, and vegetarian. Durov has said he maintains an ascetic lifestyle and promotes freedom from personal possessions. 

For his twenty-seventh birthday in 2011, he donated a million dollars to the Wikimedia Foundation. 

In 2012, he published manifestos detailing his ideas on improving Russia. 

Personal life and family

Pavel Durov's grandfather Semyon Petrovich Tulyakov fought in World War II. He served in the 65th Infantry Division of the Soviet Red Army, participated in battles on the Leningrad Front at Krasnoborsky and Gatchinsky, and was wounded three times, receiving the Order of the Red Star, the Order of the Patriotic War2nd degree, and on the 40th Victory Day, the Order of the Great Patriotic War 1st degree. 

Durov's father Valery Semenovich Durov is a Doctor of Philological Sciences and the author of academic papers. Since 1992, he has been head of the Department of classical philologyof the philological faculty of Saint Petersburg State University. In March 2022, Durov wrote that "On my Mom's side, I trace my family line from Kyiv. Her maiden name is Ukrainian(Ivanenko), and to this day we have many relatives living in Ukraine." 

He is the younger brother of Nikolai Durov, who joined him in founding Telegram and served as lead developer, programmer, and architect of the project. 

Durov is not married. He lives in Dubai. 

Durov was naturalized as a French citizen in August 2021 and now has European Union citizenship. In April 2021, he received United Arab Emirates citizenship. 

Durov claims to have fathered more than 100 children via sperm donation in 12 nations since 2010. 

Accolades

Durov has been called the Mark Zuckerberg of Russia. In August 2014, Durov was named the most promising Northern European leader under 30. In 2017, he was chosen to join the WEF Young Global Leaders, representing Finland. 

On 21 June 2018, the Union of Kazakhstan's Journalists bestowed an award on Durov "for his principled position against censorship and the state's interference into citizens' free online correspondence". In 2018, Fortune magazineincluded Durov in their "40 Under 40" list, an annual ranking of the most influential young people in business. 

In February 2023, Durov was named the most powerful entrepreneur in Dubai by Arabian Business. 

References

1. ^ "Паспорт как у Дурова: страны Карибского бассейна снизили цены на гражданство из-за пандемии" [Passport like Durov's: Caribbean countries have lowered the price of citizenship due to the pandemic]. Forbes.ru (in Russian). 12 July 2020. Retrieved 17 April 2024. [In 2013, Pavel Durov received citizenship of this country for $ 250,000] 
2. ^ a b "Dubai's Jumeirah Islands Welcomes A New Resident: Telegram's Billionaire Founder". Forbes. 
3. ^ a b "Décret du 23 août 2021 portant naturalisation, réintégration, mention d'enfants mineurs bénéficiant de l'effet collectif attaché à l'acquisition de la nationalité française par leurs parents, francisation de noms et de prénoms et libération de l'allégeance française (Accès protégé)". www.legifrance.gouv.fr. Retrieved 7 October 2021. 
4. ^ Cook, James (22 March 2015). "The incredible life of Pavel Durov – 'Russia's Mark Zuckerberg' who is raising $2 billion for his messaging app". Business Insider. Retrieved 21 April 2022. 
5. ^ "Why Telegram has become the hottest messaging app in the world". The Verge. 25 February 2014. Archived from the original on 13 March 2016. 
6. ^ a b "Forbes Billionaires 2023: The Richest People In The World". Forbes. Archived from the original on 18 March 2024. Retrieved 19 March 2023. 
7. ^ "Forbes Billionaires 2024: The Richest People In The World". Forbes. Retrieved 19 March 2023. 
8. ^ "With $15.1B, Pavel Durov Is The Richest And Youngest Billionaire In The Middle East". Forbes Middle East. 17 April 2022. Retrieved 14 February 2023. 
9. ^ a b "Dubai 100: Meet the 100 people you need to know in the emirate". Arabian Business. 8 February 2023. Retrieved 10 February 2023. 
10. ^ "Is Pavel Durov a Kremlin target?". Bloomberg. 1 August 2013. Archived from the original on 7 March 2016. 
11. ^ Loshak, Andrei (16 October 2019). "История рунета. Бизнес: ОК, ВК и все-все-все". Радио Свобода (in Russian). Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Retrieved 17 April 2024. 
12. ^ "Код Павла Дурова". Forbes (in Russian). 24 June 2011. Retrieved 17 April 2024. 
13. ^ a b Danny Hakim (2 December 2014). "Once Celebrated in Russia, Programmer Pavel Durov Chooses Exile". New York Times. Archived from the original on 8 February 2015. 
14. ^ Friedrichsen, Mike; Mühl-Benninghaus, Wolfgang (2013). Handbook of Social Media Management: Value Chain and Business Models in Changing Media Markets. Berlin: Springer Science & Business Media. p. 406. ISBN 978-3-642-28896-8. 
15. ^ "Vkontakte Remains more popular than Facebook in Russia". Mynewsdesk. Archived from the original on 7 August 2018. Retrieved 7 August 2018. 
16. ^ a b c Vivienne Walt (February 2016). "With Telegram, A Reclusive Social Media Star Rises Again". Fortune. Archived from the original on 24 February 2016. 
17. ^ a b "The Pavel Durov Code: Five stories from the life of VK and its creator". Forbes(in Russian). 22 November 2012. Archived from the original on 19 April 2015. 
18. ^ "Достиг идеала: Павел Дуров продал свою долю "ВКонтакте" Ивану Таврину". Forbes Russia. 1 April 2014. Retrieved 11 April 2021. 
19. ^ "Mail.ru deal firms control over VKontakte". Archived from the original on 6 July 2015. Retrieved 26 January 2017. 
20. ^ "Russia's Mail.Ru buys remaining stake in VKontakte for $1.5 bln". Reuters. 16 September 2014. Archived from the original on 5 December 2014. Retrieved 20 January 2015. 
21. ^ "No joke as 'Russian Facebook' founder resigns amid dispute (Update)". 1 April 2014. Archived from the original on 8 March 2016. Retrieved 29 February 2016. "Pavel Durov Resigns As Head Of Russian Social Network VK.com, Ukraine Conflict Was The Tipping Point". 1 April 2014. Archived from the original on 8 July 2017. Retrieved 29 February 2016. 
22. ^ "Going, going, gone – Pavel Durov quits VK". Rusbase. 2 April 2014. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 29 February 2016. 
23. ^ "Founder of Social Network VK Pavel Durov Says Resignation as CEO was April Fools' Prank". The Moscow Times. 4 March 2016. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 29 February 2016. 
24. ^ a b c "Durov, Out For Good From VK.com, Plans A Mobile Social Network Outside Russia". TechCrunch. 22 April 2014. Archived from the original on 6 July 2017. 
25. ^ "Wall". Archived from the original on 9 February 2017. Retrieved 26 January 2017. 
26. ^ "Wall". Archived from the original on 11 September 2014. Retrieved 26 January 2017. 
27. ^ a b c "Vkontakte Founder Pavel Durov Learns He's Been Fired Through Media". The Moscow Times. 22 April 2014. Archived from the original on 25 April 2014. 
28. ^ a b c "Pavel Durov left Russia after being pushed out", The Economic Times, 22 April 2014. 
29. ^ "Telegram plans multi-billion dollar ICO for chat cryptocurrency". TechCrunch. 8 January 2018. Archived from the original on 9 January 2018. Retrieved 7 June 2022. 
30. ^ Liptak, Andrew (1 April 2018). "Telegram has raised a total of $1.7 billion from its two pre-ICO sales". The Verge. Retrieved 7 June 2022. 
31. ^ Michael S. Sackheim, Nathan A. Howell, James B. Biery, Andrew P. Blake, Dominique Gallego, Teresa Wilton Harmon, James C. Munsell, David E Teitelbaum, Lilya Tessler, Allison Ross Stromberg, Daniel Engoren and Kristin S. Teager (2 September 2021). "The Virtual Currency Regulation Review: USA". The Law Reviews. Archived from the originalon 15 March 2022. Retrieved 14 April 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) 
32. ^ "РБК: Telegram блокируют из-за планов Дурова создать криптовалюту". Meduza (in Russian). 20 April 2018. Retrieved 8 March 2022. 
33. ^ "Russia lifts ban on Telegram messaging app after failing to block it". Reuters. 18 June 2020. Retrieved 8 March 2022. 
34. ^ Cimpanu, Catalin. "Russia unbans Telegram". ZDNet. Retrieved 6 March 2022. 
35. ^ Burgess, Matt (20 April 2018). "This is why Russia's attempts to block Telegram have failed". Wired. Retrieved 8 March 2022. 
36. ^ Khurshudyan, Isabelle (28 June 2020). "How the founder of the Telegram messaging app stood up to the Kremlin – and won". The Washingtong Post. Retrieved 8 March 2022.

Source

Как в Википедии удаляют статьи и что можно сделать, чтобы их спасти

Автор: Софья Багдасарова (User:Shakko)
Источник: https://shakko-kitsune.livejournal.com/1485070.html

Рассказываю, почему в Википедии статьи о, казалось бы, очевидных явлениях, выставляются на удаление.

В русской википедии 2,6 млн. зарегистрированных участников. Не все они, слава богу, активны - за последний месяц активных, например, всего 11 тысяч человек.

В общем, это такой гигантский форум с огромным количеством пользователей, в котором разные люди развлекаются согласно своим потребностям. Есть "статейщики", которые просто пишут статьи. Есть фотографы. Есть граммар-наци, которые просто ходят и правят орфографию (и никого не учат жить, уважаю).

И есть группа, которую называют "удалисты".Они ощущают себя санитарами леса. Их азарт -- это вылавливать среди гигантского количества статей всякую фигню. А количество реально гигантское. Мусора очень много - статье о себе любимом, ютуб блогере с 5 тыс. подписчиков; о своей гаражной группе; о корейском любительском фильме, в итоге не попавшем в прокат; о директоре своей фирмы по производству металлопроката, о третьем помощнике секретаря мэра поселка с населением 480 человек и т.п. Метут удалисты широкой метлой, смотрят часто поверхностно, в нюансы не вдаются. Поэтому на форум "К удалению" попадают частенько совершенно нормальные статьи.

После того, как статья была выставлена на обсуждение "к удалению", тот человек должен обосновать, за что ее так. А потом ею по регламенту занимаются другие люди, которую должны ее прочесть, оценить, соответствует ли она правилам википедии и, соответственно, оставить или удалить. И вот тут начинается возмущающая очень многих беда (и возмущающая многих заслуженно). Статьи висят с отвратительной розовой плашкой "к удалению" год, два, три... Дело в том, что пользователей Википедии, как мы помним, 2 миллиона / 11 тысяч. Сколько из них удалистов - я не знаю, да хоть одна десятая или двадцатая, все равно много.

А людей, которые принимают решение о судьбе статей - всего 84 человека администраторов (причем треть их неактивна), плюс 54 человека с правами "подводящих итоги" (думаю, бросивших проект примерно столько же пропорционально). Статей же, номинированных на удаление, вот, на эту минуту, вижу 7562 штуки. Сами можете представить, с какой скоростью движется их рассмотрение. (Причем напомню, что проект волонтерский и неоплачиваемый).

Что же делать, если важную для тебя статью в Википедии выставили на удаление? По пунктам:

• а) не истерить
• б) реально, не истерить. Особенно буквами на форумах Википедии. Администраторы там очень задолбанные (помним про пропорцию 84 админов на 2 682 480 участников), поэтому очень любят тишину и нервно реагируют на эксцессы. Также постарайтесь не быть многословными, отвечать четко, конкретно, по делу.
• в) человек, который выставил вашу статью на удаление, обязан был указать, каким правилам, по его мнению, она не соответствует. Попросите его уточнить, если непонятно, что за правило статья нарушает. Пойдите, внимательно (очень внимательно) изучите это правило (одно или несколько). Перечитайте его несколько раз.
• г) Очень трудная стадия (принятие). Ответьте себе честно на вопрос, реально ли ваша статья соответствует правилам проекта. Быть может, удалист был реально прав, вынося ее на удаление? На эту стадию у вас может уйти несколько месяцев.
• д) Если все-таки да, и ваша статья соответствует правилам, то ее необходимо переделать в соответствии с требованиями правил. На форуме "к удалению" вам также могут подробно указать, что надо делать (а могут и не указать, проект волонтерский). Вообще, если статью не удалили "быстро", за 1-2 дня, то, значит, шансы у статьи есть большие.
• е) все это тянется оооочень долго. Через полгодика-годик, авось, придет админ и примет решение. В любом случае, фора, чтобы привести вашу статью в порядок (или найти для этого дела помощников и советчиков) у вас была.

Потом, когда-нибудь, администратор или "подводящий итоги" выносит решение. Обычно это делается достаточно непредвзято, на основе того, что видно перед глазами.

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Примерно вот так выглядит фрагмент списка новых статей за часть одного единственного дня (только незарегистрированные участники):