Wednesday, 30 August 2023

 

THE FIRE ANTS OF GUANTÁNAMO BAY

An untold story in the history of American torture

Hambali, who was arrested outside Bangkok in 2003, has been detained by the US without trial at Guantánamo since 2006.

Encep Nurjaman, a native of Indonesia known by the nom de guerre Hambali, was arrested fifty miles north of Bangkok in the summer of 2003 by a joint US-Thai counterterrorism team. He has been a prisoner of the US for the last twenty years, most of them under severe duress at Guantánamo Bay. He was on the Bush administration’s “high-value” target list for his alleged ties to Osama bin Laden and his work with Jemaah Islamiyah, an Indonesian terrorist group that the US claimed he headed. JI was accused of carrying out a series of terror bombings, including blasts that killed two hundred victims in Bali in 2002. Hambali’s arrest was quickly made public, and he was flown within days in secret on a chartered plane operated by the Central Intelligence Agency to Bagram Air Base in Afghanistan. More than fifteen years ago, I reported and wrote a story on Hambali’s imprisonment and torture, but for various reasons, the story was never published.

President George W. Bush praised the arrest in a speech three days after it happened. He called Hambali “one of the world’s most lethal terrorists” and said: “He is no longer a problem to those of us who love freedom.” A few weeks later, it was reported that the US had given $10 million to the Thai security forces; the funds were to be shared among those responsible for Hambali’s capture. Three of Hambali’s alleged accomplices in one of the bombings were sentenced to death and a fourth, who apologized and expressed remorse—he also claimed that Hambali had no prior knowledge of the bombings—is still in prison.

In his speech Bush also asserted that Hambali was a “close associate” of Khalid Sheik Mohammed, known as KSM, an early American arrest in the war on terror. KSM, who is still detained at Guantánamo, was said to have revealed that Hambali met with Osama bin Laden and was Al Qaeda’s point man for research on biological weapons. The American press was told that during the summer of 2001 Hambali was teaching the essentials of biological warfare at an Al Qaeda training camp near Kandahar in Afghanistan. 

The leaks kept coming. Hambali was said to have confessed what he knew of Al Qaeda’s worldwide operations and to his involvement in terrorism attacks in Southeast Asia. On October 9, 2003, CBS news, citing summaries of American interrogations, reported that Hambali was “implementing plans” involving “biological weapons, most likely anthrax.” The network said he was likely trying to open a biological weapons plant with the support of Al Qaeda. 

In December, the Chicago Tribune, citing American intelligence officials, reported that Hambali “began cooperating almost immediately, enabling them to thwart planned attacks in the region and break up terrorist cells. Within a few weeks, Hambali allegedly began talking about Al Qaeda’s effort to develop chemical and biological weapons. . . . One reason US officials are taking the allegations so seriously is that Hambali’s cooperation has been so strong.”

Hambali arrived at Guantánamo on September 4, 2006, after three years and fifteen days of detention at CIA black sites. I learned that the interrogation tactics he was subjected to there had become an issue of bitter controversy among CIA officers. It took months of reporting before I learned the outline of a story being circulated at the highest levels of the agency about the extreme things an agent in the field might have done on his own to Hambali. His actions were the subject of an agency inquiry that went nowhere. 

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SEMUT API TELUK GUANTANAMO


Sebuah cerita yang tak terhitung dalam sejarah penyiksaan Amerika


Seymour Hersh


Hambali, yang ditangkap di luar Bangkok pada tahun 2003, telah ditahan oleh AS tanpa pengadilan di Guantanamo sejak 2006.


Encep Nurjaman, penduduk asli Indonesia yang dikenal dengan nom de guerre Hambali, ditangkap lima puluh mil di utara Bangkok pada musim panas 2003 oleh tim kontraterorisme gabungan AS-Thailand. Dia telah menjadi tahanan AS selama dua puluh tahun terakhir, kebanyakan dari mereka berada di bawah tekanan berat di Teluk Guantanamo. Dia berada di daftar target "bernilai tinggi" pemerintahan Bush untuk dugaan hubungannya dengan Osama bin Laden dan pekerjaannya dengan Jemaah Islamiyah, sebuah kelompok teroris Indonesia yang diklaim AS dia pimpin. JI dituduh melakukan serangkaian pemboman teror, termasuk ledakan yang menewaskan dua ratus korban di Bali pada tahun 2002. Penangkapan Hambali dengan cepat diumumkan, dan dia diterbangkan dalam beberapa hari secara rahasia dengan pesawat sewaan yang dioperasikan oleh Badan Intelijen Pusat ke Pangkalan Udara Bagram di Afghanistan. Lebih dari lima belas tahun yang lalu, saya melaporkan dan menulis cerita tentang pemenjaraan dan penyiksaan Hambali, tetapi karena berbagai alasan, cerita itu tidak pernah diterbitkan.


Presiden George W. Bush memuji penangkapan itu dalam sebuah pidato tiga hari setelah itu terjadi. Dia menyebut Hambali "salah satu teroris paling mematikan di dunia" dan berkata: "Dia tidak lagi menjadi masalah bagi kita yang mencintai kebebasan." Beberapa minggu kemudian, dilaporkan bahwa AS telah memberikan $10 juta kepada pasukan keamanan Thailand; dana itu akan dibagi di antara mereka yang bertanggung jawab atas penangkapan Hambali. Tiga dari dugaan kaki tangan Hambali dalam salah satu pemboman dijatuhi hukuman mati dan yang keempat, yang meminta maaf dan menyatakan penyesalan—dia juga mengklaim bahwa Hambali tidak memiliki pengetahuan sebelumnya tentang pemboman itu—masih di penjara.


Dalam pidatonya Bush juga menegaskan bahwa Hambali adalah "rekan dekat" Khalid Sheik Mohammed, yang dikenal sebagai KSM, penangkapan awal Amerika dalam perang melawan teror. KSM, yang masih ditahan di Guantanamo, dikatakan telah mengungkapkan bahwa Hambali bertemu dengan Osama bin Laden dan merupakan orang penting Al Qaeda untuk penelitian tentang senjata biologis. Pers Amerika diberitahu bahwa selama musim panas 2001 Hambali mengajarkan esensi perang biologis di kamp pelatihan Al Qaeda dekat Kandahar di Afghanistan.


Kebocoran terus datang. Hambali dikatakan telah mengakui apa yang dia ketahui tentang operasi Al Qaeda di seluruh dunia dan keterlibatannya dalam serangan terorisme di Asia Tenggara. Pada 9 Oktober 2003, berita CBS, mengutip ringkasan interogasi Amerika, melaporkan bahwa Hambali "mengimplementasikan rencana" yang melibatkan "senjata biologis, kemungkinan besar antraks." Jaringan itu mengatakan dia kemungkinan mencoba membuka pabrik senjata biologis dengan dukungan Al Qaeda.


Pada bulan Desember, Chicago Tribune, mengutip pejabat intelijen Amerika, melaporkan bahwa Hambali "mulai bekerja sama segera, memungkinkan mereka untuk menggagalkan serangan yang direncanakan di wilayah tersebut dan memecah sel-sel teroris. Dalam beberapa minggu, Hambali diduga mulai berbicara tentang upaya Al Qaeda untuk mengembangkan senjata kimia dan biologi. . . . Salah satu alasan pejabat AS menanggapi tuduhan itu dengan sangat serius adalah bahwa kerja sama Hambali sangat kuat.”


Hambali tiba di Guantanamo pada 4 September 2006, setelah tiga tahun lima belas hari penahanan di lokasi gelap CIA. Saya mengetahui bahwa taktik interogasi yang dia hadapi di sana telah menjadi masalah kontroversi pahit di antara petugas CIA. Butuh waktu berbulan-bulan untuk melaporkan sebelum saya mengetahui garis besar cerita yang diedarkan di tingkat tertinggi agensi tentang hal-hal ekstrem yang mungkin telah dilakukan seorang agen di lapangan sendiri kepada Hambali. Tindakannya adalah subjek penyelidikan agensi yang tidak ke mana-mana.




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